life process short easy notes class 10 board cbse

 

Class 10 – Life Processes Notes

1. What are Life Processes?

Life processes are the essential activities that keep living organisms alive.
They include:

1. Nutrition – How organisms get food and energy

2. Respiration – How organisms release energy from food

3. Transportation – How materials are transported inside the body

4. Excretion – How organisms remove waste

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2. Nutrition

Definition: The process of obtaining food and converting it into energy and nutrients.

Types of Nutrition:

A. Autotrophic Nutrition

• Organisms make their own food (e.g., plants)

• Process: Photosynthesis

  • Occurs in chloroplasts

  • Needs sunlight, water, CO₂, and chlorophyll

  • Equation:

    $$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{\text{Sunlight}} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$$

B. Heterotrophic Nutrition

• Organisms cannot make food themselves (e.g., humans, animals)

• Types:

  1. Holozoic – Eating solid food (humans, dogs)

     • Steps: Ingestion → Digestion → Absorption → Assimilation → Egestion

  2. Saprophytic – Feed on dead organic matter (fungi, bacteria)

  3. Parasitic – Feed on another living organism (tapeworm)

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3. Respiration

Definition: The process of releasing energy from food in cells.

Types:

1. Aerobic Respiration – Requires oxygen

   • Glucose → Energy + CO₂ + H₂O

   • Equation:

     $$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 → 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy$$

2. Anaerobic Respiration – Does not require oxygen

   • In humans (muscle cells) → Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy

   • In yeast → Glucose → Ethanol + CO₂ + Energy

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4. Transportation

Definition: Movement of substances like water, nutrients, and gases within the body.

• In Plants:

  • Xylem: Water + minerals from roots → leaves

  • Phloem: Food from leaves → rest of the plant

• In Animals:

  • Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones

  • Heart pumps blood; arteries, veins, and capillaries form the circulatory system

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5. Excretion

Definition: Removal of metabolic wastes from the body.

• In Humans:

  • Kidneys remove urea and excess water → urine

  • Lungs remove CO₂

  • Skin removes sweat

• In Plants:

  • Excretion mainly through stomata, bark, and root tips

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Quick Tips for Your Blog Post

1. Use subheadings (<h2>, <h3>) for SEO

2. Include bullet points — easy to read

3. Maybe add a diagram of human life processes or photosynthesis (free images)

4. End with a small summary table:

Life Process	Example	Key Organ/Part
Nutrition	Humans, Plants	Stomach, Leaf
Respiration	Humans, Yeast	Mitochondria
Transportation	Humans, Plants	Blood, Xylem/Phloem
Excretion	Humans, Plants	Kidney, Stomata